Hammer, claw and mallet toes

Hammer, claw and mallet toes are deformities of the toe joints which develop slowly over many years as a result of shortening of tendons that control the position of the toes. Excessive tension stress on these tendons leads to their shortening.

Hammer toe, usually affecting the second toe, is where the middle toe joint is bent causing the joint to rise up. Claw toe, affecting all four smaller toes, is where all the toe joints are curled down towards to the floor. Mallet toe, often affecting the second toe, is where the tip of the toe bends forward.

In the early stages the toes retain their flexibility, but over time they may become rigid. This may be associated with pain, and makes it difficult for your feet to fit into shoes. Rubbing of the bent joint against your footwear may lead to corns, calluses and bunions. In advanced cases walking may become difficult and toe dislocation may occur.